This includes distancing oneself from the ego (1), from social representations (2) and from cultural norms (3).
(1) See the definition of decentration, based in particular on the writings of Jean Piaget.
(2) See the writings of François Audigier, Univ. de Genève, 1993, Jean-François Thémines, Univ. de Caen, “4 conceptions of school geography: an interpretive model of geography teaching practices?”, Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography [online], art. 262, March 2004, Nadine Fink, Univ. of Geneva, in Forming tomorrow’s world, Perspectives de recherche en didactiques des sciences sociales, 2011.
(3) To distance oneself from an ethnocentric vision that consists in judging the culture of another according to one’s own cultural standards. See the definition ofethnocentrism. Levi-Strauss (1951).