{"id":7617,"date":"2026-05-02T11:05:31","date_gmt":"2026-05-02T09:05:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academy.grainesdepaix.org\/?post_type=ressource&#038;p=7617"},"modified":"2026-05-02T11:05:33","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T09:05:33","slug":"evolution-historique-du-mot-paix","status":"publish","type":"ressource","link":"https:\/\/academy.grainesdepaix.org\/en\/ressources\/evolution-historique-du-mot-paix\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9volution historique du mot paix"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De la \u00ab paix n\u00e9gative \u00bb \u00e0 la \u00ab paix positive \u00bb dans les accords de paix et dans les th\u00e9ories de la paix<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le texte qui suit cite quelques accords de paix significatifs marquant une \u00e9volution progressive dans la compr\u00e9hension du mot paix : de l&#8217;absence provisoire de guerre (tr\u00eave), qu&#8217;on d\u00e9finit aujourd&#8217;hui comme &#8220;paix n\u00e9gative&#8221; car le mot &#8220;paix&#8221; est alors d\u00e9fini par ce qu&#8217;elle n&#8217;est pas, \u00e0 la consolidation de la paix entre populations, fond\u00e9e sur la notion de &#8220;paix positive&#8221; c&#8217;est \u00e0 dire une dynamique de paix fond\u00e9e sur une culture de paix qui favorise le bien-vivre ensemble. La paix positive se d\u00e9finit par ce qu&#8217;elle est et par ce qu&#8217;elle apporte de bon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Durant l&#8217;Antiquit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e9riodes d&#8217;accalmie entre 2 guerres, fix\u00e9es par trait\u00e9 dans un environnement qui reste fortement militaris\u00e9 et accompagn\u00e9es souvent par des arrangements matrimoniaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2400 av JC: 1er trait\u00e9 (connu) \u00e0 but de paix: Trait\u00e9 de fraternit\u00e9 pour s&#8217;entendre entre adversaires en M\u00e9sopotamie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2350 av JC: 1er trait\u00e9 de paix \u00e9crit (connu): entre 2 villes de Syrie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2000 \u00e0 1000 av JC: P\u00e9riodes d&#8217;accalmie entre multiples guerres, grande activit\u00e9 diplomatique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1275 av JC: Trait\u00e9 de paix pour stabiliser une fronti\u00e8re entre Rams\u00e8s II (Egypte vaincue) et les Hittites.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Entre 500 av JC et 500 apr JC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tentatives de mettre fin \u00e0 des guerres<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Entre 500 et 850<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e9riode d\u2019\u00e9largissement de la notion de paix pour inclure des avantages au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019arr\u00eat de la guerre<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Entre 850 et 1528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e9riode o\u00f9 les trait\u00e9s de paix se limitent \u00e0 la reconnaissance mutuelle des territoires et souverainet\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Entre 1529 et 1945<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e9riode o\u00f9 des accords de paix comprennent des accords de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 et des alliances, ainsi que des mesures de d\u00e9militarisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Post 1945 \u00e0 ce jour<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019Europe, le Japon se pacifient.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les armes sont de plus en plus d\u00e9vastatrices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les int\u00e9r\u00eats mercantiles favorisent des guerres pour d\u00e9tenir les ressources naturelles et pour pouvoir avoir des contrats de reconstruction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les guerres sont aussi le fait de milices, de paramilitaires, de groupes isol\u00e9s et pas qu\u2019entre arm\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Post 1990 \u00e0 ce jour<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les accords de paix visent de plus en plus le vivre-ensemble et si possible, le bien-vivre ensemble des populations au vu de la mixit\u00e9 identitaire, culturelle, religieuse et\/ou politique des r\u00e9gions en conflit (Irlande, Moyen-Orient, Philippines, Alg\u00e9rie, Afrique du Sud, Rwanda, autres pays d\u2019Afrique et d\u2019ailleurs,\u2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les activit\u00e9s de promotion et de consolidation de la paix augmentent significativement avec une vis\u00e9e qui va au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019arr\u00eat des guerres et vers une paix positive construite sur la coop\u00e9ration, le d\u00e9veloppement et l\u2019acceptation de l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusions relatives aux accords de paix \u00e0 travers les \u00e2ges :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 des accords de paix sont des accords de paix n\u00e9gative<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(limit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019absence de guerre, au respect militaire de fronti\u00e8res).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelques accords de paix sont des exemples de paix positive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceux qui concr\u00e9tisent des aspirations d\u2019entente entre \u00eatres humains :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Respect mutuel de la vie, de l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique, des besoins vitaux, des identit\u00e9s culturelles et des choix spirituels des populations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Entente, harmonie, concorde, bonheur (mutuels)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coop\u00e9ration, aide mutuelle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Libert\u00e9s d\u2019entreprendre, de circulation, de commercer, de s\u2019exprimer, \u2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respect mutuel du territoire politique et de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e d\u2019autrui.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemples :<\/strong><br>&#8211; le tout premier Trait\u00e9 de fraternit\u00e9 (2400 av JC) \u00e0 Sumer<br>&#8211; le Trait\u00e9 de paix entre le Tibet et la Chine (822) qui vise \u00e0 rendre heureux les populations<br>&#8211; Le Trait\u00e9 de Versailles (1919) qui annonce la cr\u00e9ation de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Nations<br>&#8211; Le Trait\u00e9 de St Germain (1919) qui concr\u00e9tise les aspirations des uns \u00e0 \u00eatre des nations libres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelques accords comprennent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de paix positive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceux qui concr\u00e9tisent des garanties mutuelles d\u2019avantages pratiques, tels que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des personnes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la libert\u00e9 religieuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la libre circulation des personnes et des marchandises<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la protection des marchandises, \u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemples :<\/strong><br>&#8211; le Trait\u00e9 de paix perp\u00e9tuelle (587) entre 2 rois de territoires pr\u00e9-fran\u00e7ais<br>&#8211; Le Trait\u00e9 de St. Julien entre Genevois et Savoyards (1603).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De la \u00ab paix n\u00e9gative \u00bb \u00e0 la \u00ab paix positive \u00bb dans les accords de paix et dans les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","tags":[],"ressources-theme":[],"category-ressources":[102],"class_list":["post-7617","ressource","type-ressource","status-publish","hentry","category-ressources-paix"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9volution historique du mot paix - Academy 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